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Some exam review for Respiratory emergencies:
1. A person who experiences sharp chest pain followed by increasing dyspnea after he or she coughs MOST likely has:
Choose one answer.
A. pleurisy. 
B. acute pneumonia.
C. a pleural effusion.
D. a pneumothorax. 
2. An otherwise healthy adult whose normal hemoglobin level is 12 to 14 g/dL typically will begin to exhibit cyanosis when:
Choose one answer.
A. hemoglobin levels fall below 12 g/dL.
B. about 5 g/dL of hemoglobin is desaturated.
C. his or her oxygen saturation falls below 50%.
D. 10% of his or her hemoglobin is desaturated.
3. Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:
Choose one answer.
A. hyperinflated alveoli retain high levels of carbon dioxide.
B. resistance to airflow increases due to bronchoconstriction.
C. nonfunctional alveoli inhibit pulmonary gas exchange.
D. the volume of anatomic dead space suddenly increases.
4. A patient with status asthmaticus commonly presents with:
Choose one answer.
A. compensatory respiratory alkalosis and stridor.
B. physical exhaustion and inaudible breath sounds.
C. audible expiratory wheezing and severe cyanosis.
D. accessory muscle use and inspiratory wheezing.
5. __________ breath sounds are the MOST commonly heard breath sounds, and have a much more obvious inspiratory component.
Choose one answer.
A. Vesicular
B. Tracheal
C. Bronchovesicular
D. Bronchial
6.
A 29-year-old woman is experiencing a severe asthma attack. Her husband reports that she was admitted to an intensive care unit about 6 months ago, and had a breathing tube in place. Prior to your arrival, the patient took 3 puffs of her rescue inhaler without effect. She is anxious and restless, tachypneic, and has audible wheezing. You should:
Choose one answer.
A. attempt to slow her breathing with respiratory coaching, administer a nebulized bronchodilator, and transport.
B. start an IV of normal saline, administer methylprednisolone via IV push, and transport as soon as possible.
C. apply a CPAP unit, transport immediately, and attempt to establish vascular access en route to the hospital.
D. begin assisting her ventilations with a bag-mask device and 100% oxygen and prepare to intubate her trachea.
7. The presence of diffuse rhonchi in the lungs indicates:
Choose one answer.
A. thick secretions in the large airways.
B. isolated consolidation of secretions.
C. right-sided congestive heart failure.
D. air being forced through narrowed airways.
8. Uncontrollable coughing and hemoptysis in a cigarette smoker are clinical findings MOST consistent with:
Choose one answer.
A. acute bronchitis.
B. lung cancer.
C. emphysema.
D. pleural effusion.
