• Alcohol, ingested toxins
• Epilepsy, endocrine, exocrine, electrolytes
• Infection, insulin
• Overdose, opiates, oxygen deprived (hypoxia, hypercarbia)
• Uremia (renal failure)
• Trauma, temperature
• Insulin, infection
• Psychosis, porphyria
• Stroke, shock, space occupying lesions

Metabolic causes

• Glycemic emergencies
• hypoxia
• hypercarbia
• Thiamine deficiency
• Acidosis
• Electrolytes, incl. sodium, calcium, magnesium

Structural causes

• stroke, thrombotic, embolic, hemorrhagic
• Tumor or other space occupying lesions
• Trauma, Brain edema

Drug related causes

• alcohol
• opiates
• hallucinogens
• etc.

Infections

• Meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Sepsis

Endocrine causes

• hypo/hyperthyroidism
• Graves’s disease
• Addison’s disease
• Cushing’s disease
• diabetic emergencies

Last but not least – Psychiatric causes

• Psychosis
• Conversion reactions
• Catatonia
• Munchausen’s Syndrome

Updated 11/18/09